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Low Back Pain (Lumbago)

Low Back Pain (Lumbago)

Overview The lumbar spine or low back is a complex entity of interconnecting bones (vertebrae), mobile joints, nerves, ligaments, and...
Upper Back Pain

Upper Back Pain

Overview The thoracic spine is located in the middle back and is the longest region of the spine. It is...
Neck Pain

Neck Pain

Overview The cervical spine or neck region is a complex entity of interconnecting bones (vertebrae), mobile joints, nerves, ligaments, and...
Degenerative disc in cervical spine

Degenerative Disc Disease

Overview The intervertebral discs are shock absorbers that are located between the bones of the spine, called vertebrae (hence the...
Lumbar herniated disc (top view)

Lumbar Herniated Disc

Overview Lumbar disc herniation is a disease affecting the lower back. A herniated disc can allow disc material to press...
Cervical Herniated Disc: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Cervical Herniated Disc

Overview Cervical disc herniation is a disease affecting the neck. A herniated disc can allow disc material to press harmfully...
Lumbar Radiculopathy (Sciatica)

Lumbar Radiculopathy (Sciatica)

Overview Lumbar radiculopathy, also called sciatica, is a disease involving dysfunction of one or more nerve roots in the lumbar...
Cervical Radiculopathy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Cervical Radiculopathy

Overview Cervical radiculopathy is a disease involving dysfunction of one or more nerve roots in the cervical spine that typically...
Closeup of a lumbar vertebra with central and foraminal stenosis (superior view) - Spinal Stenosis

Spinal Stenosis

Overview Spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal (bone channel occupied by the spinal nerves or the...
Facet Joint Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Facet Joint Syndrome

Overview The facet joints or zygapophyseal joints are a set of joints between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae....
Spine Osteoarthritis (Spondylosis)

Spine Osteoarthritis (Spondylosis)

Overview Osteoarthritis of the spine develops as a consequence of the natural aging process. It can affect the spine at...
Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome

Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome

Overview The sacroiliac joints are the joints between the sacrum (triangular bone at the bottom of the spine) and the...
Cervicogenic Headache: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Cervicogenic Headache

Overview Cervicogenic headache is a distinct type of headache that occurs when pain is referred from a specific source in...
Cervical Acceleration-Deceleration Syndrome (Whiplash)

Cervical Acceleration-Deceleration Syndrome (Whiplash)

Overview Whiplash is medically known as cervical acceleration-deceleration syndrome. It is a common neck injury. Ιt occurs when the neck...
Occipital neuralgia

Occipital Neuralgia

Overview Occipital neuralgia is a distinct type of headache with pain that starts in the upper neck or back of...
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

Overview Failed back surgery syndrome is a recognized medical diagnosis for chronic pain and symptoms that persist after a spinal...
Back School: Prevention, Treatment & Rehabilitation for Back Pain

Back School

Back school programs are group-based therapeutic interventions mainly offered by medical specialists or paramedical therapists and are directed towards treatment,...
Piriformis syndrome

Piriformis Syndrome

Overview Piriformis syndrome is a disease that is caused when the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock, spasms and causes...
Spontaneous Regression of Herniated Disc: Causes & Treatment Options

Spontaneous Regression of Herniated Disc

Overview Numerous studies in the medical literature have shown that the herniated disc has the potential for spontaneous regression or...
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis

Overview Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips over the adjacent one. It slides either forward (anterolisthesis) or backward (retrolisthesis). Spondylolisthesis...
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

Overview Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips over the adjacent one and is a common cause of low back pain....
Compression fracture of the spine

Compression Fractures of the Spine

Overview A compression fracture occurs when the vertebral bone (bone of the spine) collapses. It usually occurs in the middle...
Spine Anatomy

Anatomy of the Spine

Overview The spine (vertebral column, spinal column) is a complex entity of interconnecting bones (vertebrae), mobile joints, nerves, ligaments and...
Discogenic pain

Discogenic Pain

Overview Discogenic pain is pain arising from a damaged intervertebral disc. It is commonly caused by disc degeneration, an age-related...
Synovial Cyst of the Spine

Synovial Cyst of the Spine

Overview A synovial cyst is an abnormal fluid-filled sac that develops in the facet joints of the spine. This condition...